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Adaptive depth

CoTFormer

CoTFormer: A Chain-of-Thought Driven Architecture with Budget-Adaptive Computation Cost at Inference

Amirkeivan Mohtashami, Matteo Pagliardini, Martin Jaggi

Observes that chain-of-thought resembles reapplying a model several times, except that later passes attend to earlier passes' tokens. CoTFormer mimics this at the token level and pairs it with token-wise variable depth chosen by a compute-adaptive router.

Inside the method

[ Model ] × r with attention to earlier passes' tokens; router picks rᵢ

Simplified conceptual schematic. Consult the paper for the complete architecture.

Recurrence family
Adaptive depth
Depth control
Budget-adaptive per-token depth
KV / state strategy
Keeps KV from every earlier pass

Reading note

Reaches accuracy close to much larger models and lowers computation through adaptive allocation. A later study (LSTM-UT) finds its full cache can hurt extrapolation on cellular-automaton tasks.

Sources checked 2026-10-28. This catalog does not imply independent reproduction.

Related works

Cite this work

@misc{cotformer2023,
  title = {CoTFormer: A Chain-of-Thought Driven Architecture with Budget-Adaptive Computation Cost at Inference},
  author = {Amirkeivan Mohtashami and Matteo Pagliardini and Martin Jaggi},
  year = {2023},
  eprint = {2310.10845},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.10845}
}

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