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Full-stack recurrence

Timestep Encoding for Loops

On Expressive Power of Looped Transformers: Theoretical Analysis and Enhancement via Timestep Encoding

Kevin Xu, Issei Sato

Establishes approximation rates of looped transformers for sequence-to-sequence functions via a modulus of continuity, revealing a looped-specific limitation that per-loop scaling parameters conditioned on timestep encoding can remove.

Inside the method

[ Block, scaled by timestep encoding(t) ] × T

Simplified conceptual schematic. Consult the paper for the complete architecture.

Recurrence family
Full-stack recurrence
Depth control
Fixed loops with timestep conditioning
KV / state strategy
See paper

Reading note

Experiments show more loops improve performance, with further gains from timestep encoding.

Sources checked 2026-10-28. This catalog does not imply independent reproduction.

Related works

Cite this work

@misc{loopedtimestepencoding2024,
  title = {On Expressive Power of Looped Transformers: Theoretical Analysis and Enhancement via Timestep Encoding},
  author = {Kevin Xu and Issei Sato},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.01405},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.01405}
}

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