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Core recurrence

Recurrent Looped Transformer

Recurrent Looped Transformer

Yifan Zhang, Jichen Feng, Shihan Qin, Sun-Yuan Kung, Mengdi Wang

Splits the layers into a parallel causal encoder and a recurrent decoder that merges each token's encoder output with the previous token's final decoder state, so the computation path grows with sequence length at a fixed per-token cost.

Inside the method

Causal encoder (parallel) → recurrent decoder fed by previous token's state

Simplified conceptual schematic. Consult the paper for the complete architecture.

Recurrence family
Core recurrence
Depth control
Grows with sequence length; fixed per token
KV / state strategy
See paper

Reading note

Trained on at most 40 bits, two splits generalize parity to 256 bits in every seed; on swap-S5 at 8× training length it reaches 97% versus under 1% for a Transformer. Removing the feedback drops these tasks to chance.

Sources checked 2026-10-28. This catalog does not imply independent reproduction.

Related works

Cite this work

@misc{rlt2026,
  title = {Recurrent Looped Transformer},
  author = {Yifan Zhang and Jichen Feng and Shihan Qin and Sun-Yuan Kung and Mengdi Wang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2610.07591},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.07591}
}

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