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Full-stack recurrence

Readout Blind Spot

Dense Supervision Is Not Enough: The Readout Blind Spot in Looped Language Models

Rituraj Sharma, Tu Vu

Shows that dense per-loop cross-entropy only controls state variables visible to the readout. Scale-invariant readouts such as RMSNorm hide radial scale from the loss while pre-norm residual recurrence keeps growing it, so early exits work but recurrent scale goes unchecked.

Inside the method

[ Block ] × R → RMSNorm readout (scale hidden) per loop

Simplified conceptual schematic. Consult the paper for the complete architecture.

Recurrence family
Full-stack recurrence
Depth control
Variable inference depth
KV / state strategy
See paper

Reading note

In 44M and 129M looped models without inter-loop normalization, hidden-state norms reach thousands or tens of thousands; scale-visible readouts, norm penalties or scale-removing recurrence keep them in the tens and lower perplexity at matched depth.

Sources checked 2026-10-28. This catalog does not imply independent reproduction.

Related works

Cite this work

@misc{readoutblindspot2026,
  title = {Dense Supervision Is Not Enough: The Readout Blind Spot in Looped Language Models},
  author = {Rituraj Sharma and Tu Vu},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.24898},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.24898}
}

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