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Core recurrence

OperLoop

Looped Transformers as Optimizers

Yulong Huang, Chen Jiang, Zhanpeng Zhou, Hongtao Zhang, Tianyu Li, Tianyu He, Xiangyu Zhang, Bojun Cheng

Views the looped hidden state as a fast weight and derives loop transitions in closed form from a projection, a local objective and an optimizer update rule. This exposes mismatches in existing transitions and yields OperLoop, with explicit weight decay, adaptive step size and a delta objective.

Inside the method

[ Block ] × R where each step = local gradient update on an implicit target

Simplified conceptual schematic. Consult the paper for the complete architecture.

Recurrence family
Core recurrence
Depth control
Fixed loops
KV / state strategy
See paper

Reading note

Aligning input maps of existing transitions lowers training loss and improves commonsense accuracy; OperLoop improves average generative performance over looped and non-looped baselines at matched training FLOPs.

Sources checked 2026-10-28. This catalog does not imply independent reproduction.

Related works

Cite this work

@misc{operloop2026,
  title = {Looped Transformers as Optimizers},
  author = {Yulong Huang and Chen Jiang and Zhanpeng Zhou and Hongtao Zhang and Tianyu Li and Tianyu He and Xiangyu Zhang and Bojun Cheng},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.37379},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.37379}
}

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